Marc's Place

1  BACKUP
   Invokes the Backup utility (BACKUP) to perform the following
   BACKUP operations:

   o  Make copies of disk files.

   o  Save disk files to a BACKUP save set.

   o  Restore files from a BACKUP save set to disk.

   o  Compare disk files with other disk files or files in a BACKUP
      save set.

   o  List information about the files in a BACKUP save set.

   o  Create and list BACKUP journal files.

   The two ways to back up your system disk are:

   o  If you have access to the CD-ROM for the current version of
      OpenVMS Alpha or VAX, you can use the menu system supplied on
      the CD-ROM to back up your system disk.

   o  If you do not have access to the CD-ROM for the current
      version of OpenVMS VAX, you must use standalone BACKUP to
      back up your system disk (VAX only). Standalone BACKUP is
      a form of the Backup utility (VAX only) that you boot into
      main memory (instead of executing under the control of the
      operating system).

   For more information about BACKUP and standalone BACKUP tasks see
   the OpenVMS System Manager's Manual. For more information about
   the BACKUP command and its qualifiers, see the OpenVMS System
   Management Utilities Reference Manual.

   Format:

   BACKUP input-specifier output-specifier
 

2  Parameters
   input-specifier

   Specifies the input for the BACKUP operation as either a file
   specification, a BACKUP save-set specification, or a device name.
   If the input specifier is a save-set specification on disk, you
   must include the input save-set qualifier /SAVE_SET.

   You can specify DECnet node names in save-set specifications
   only. You can use wildcards characters in file specifications,
   and in save-set specifications if they are on magnetic tape.

   output-specifier

   Specifies the output for the BACKUP operation. The output
   specifier, like the input specifier, can be either a file
   specification, a BACKUP save-set specification, or a device name.
   If the output specifier is a save-set specification on disk, you
   must include the output save-set qualifier /SAVE_SET.

   You can specify DECnet node names in save-set specifications
   only. You can use wildcard characters when the output specifier
   is a Files-11 volume, but not when the output specifier is
   a BACKUP save-set specifier or a volume created by a BACKUP
   /PHYSICAL or BACKUP/IMAGE operation.
 

2  Qualifiers
 

/ALIAS

      /ALIAS save-set-spec (default)
      /NOALIAS

   Command Qualifier

   Specifies that the previous behavior of multiple processing
   of alias and primary file entries be maintained. The /ALIAS
   qualifier maintains the previous BACKUP behavior of treating
   alias file entries the same as primary file entries. Therefore, a
   primary file may be processed multiple times by BACKUP if one or
   more alias file entries reference the same primary file entry.

   If you specify /NOALIAS, alias directory and file entries are
   ignored. Therefore, multiple processing of primary files may be
   avoided, which saves time and save set file space. If a restore
   operation is performed using the /ALIAS qualifier but the save
   set was created by using the /NOALIAS qualifier, a message is
   displayed that the /ALIAS qualifier will be ignored.
 

/ASSIST

      /ASSIST (default)
      /NOASSIST

   Command Qualifier

   Allows operator or user intervention during a BACKUP operation if
   a magnetic tape mount request fails or if an operation requires
   another volume. The /ASSIST qualifier causes BACKUP to send
   messages to operator terminals when a failure occurs during
   a BACKUP mount request or when an operation requires another
   volume.

   If you specify /NOASSIST, mount messages appear on your terminal
   and are not sent to the operator. The /NOASSIST qualifier has no
   effect if the logical name SYS$COMMAND points to a device that
   is not a terminal (as is the case when you run BACKUP in a batch
   job).
 

/BACKUP

   Input File-Selection Qualifier

   Selects files according to the BACKUP date written in the file
   header record by the BACKUP/RECORD command. Use this qualifier
   with the /BEFORE or /SINCE qualifier, either of which provides
   the system time value BACKUP uses to determine whether to process
   a file.

   Use the /BACKUP file-selection qualifier only with Files-11
   Structure Level 2 volumes. You cannot use /BACKUP with the
   /CREATED, /MODIFIED, or /EXPIRED qualifiers in an image operation
   or in a physical operation.
 

/BEFORE

      /BEFORE=time

   Input File-Selection Qualifier

   Selects files dated earlier than the date and time you specify.

   Specify the date and time as a delta time or as an absolute time
   using the format [dd-mmm-yyyy[:]][hh:mm:ss.cc]. You can also use
   one of the following reserved words to specify the date and time:

   BACKUP     The BACKUP date of the file written by a previous
              BACKUP/RECORD operation (available only on Files-11
              Structure Level 2 volumes)
   TODAY      The current day, month, and year at 00:00:00.0 o'clock
   TOMORROW   24 hours after midnight last night
   YESTERDAY  24 hours before midnight last night
 

/BLOCK_SIZE

      /BLOCK_SIZE=n

   Output Save-Set Qualifier

   Specifies the output block size in bytes for data records in
   a BACKUP save set. You can specify a block size between 2048
   and 65,535 bytes. BACKUP may adjust this value according to the
   constraints of the BACKUP format.

   The default block size for magnetic tape is 8192 bytes; the
   default for disk is 32,256 bytes.
 

/BRIEF

   Command Qualifier Causes the /LIST qualifier to display the file
   specification, size (in blocks), and creation date for each file
   in the save set. The /BRIEF qualifier is valid only with the
   /LIST qualifier and is the default format for BACKUP listings.
 

/BUFFER_COUNT

      /BUFFER_COUNT=n

   Command Qualifier

   This qualifier is obsolete. You can still specify the /BUFFER_
   COUNT qualifier, although it has no effect. (This ensures that
   command procedures containing this qualifier will still operate
   correctly.) Digital recommends that you remove the /BUFFER_COUNT
   qualifier from command procedures.
 

/BY_OWNER

      /BY_OWNER[=[uic]]
      /BY_OWNER[=option]

   Input or output file qualifier, or output save-set qualifier

   As an input file-selection qualifier, /BY_OWNER causes BACKUP
   to process files owned by the specified UIC. Specify the UIC as
   octal numbers or in alphanumeric format (in the form [g,m]). Note
   that the UIC specification must include the brackets. UIC formats
   are described in the OpenVMS User's Manual. If you specify this
   qualifier without a UIC, the default UIC is the current process
   UIC. If you do not specify this qualifier, BACKUP processes all
   files on the volume.

   As an output file qualifier, /BY_OWNER redefines the owner UIC
   for each file restored during the operation. You can use one of
   the following options:

   DEFAULT     Sets the owner UIC to the user's current default UIC.
               This option is the default if you do not specify the
               /BY_OWNER qualifier, except in image and incremental
               restore operations, when ORIGINAL is the default
               option.
   ORIGINAL    Retains the owner UIC of the file being restored.
               This option is the default if you specify the /BY_
               OWNER qualifier with no option. This option is also
               the default for incremental restore operations. To
               use this option, the UIC must be yours, or you must
               have the SYSPRV user privilege or be the owner of the
               output volume.
   PARENT      Sets the owner UIC to the owner UIC of the directory
               to which the file is being restored or copied. To
               use this option, the parent UIC must be yours, or you
               must have the SYSPRV user privilege or be the owner
               of the output volume.
   [uic]       Sets the owner UIC to the UIC specified. To use this
               option, the UIC must be yours, or you must have the
               SYSPRV user privilege or be the owner of the output
               volume.

   As an output save-set qualifier, /BY_OWNER specifies the owner
   UIC of the save set. If you omit the /BY_OWNER qualifier, the
   save set recieves the UIC of the current process. To use /BY_
   OWNER as an output save-set qualifier, you must have the SYSPRV
   user privilege or the UIC must be your own.
 

/COMMENT

      /COMMENT=string

   Output Save-Set Qualifier

   Places the string that you supply into the BACKUP summary record
   of the output save set. Enclose the string in quotation marks ("a
   string") if it contains a space or nonalphanumeric characters. A
   DCL command can contain a maximum of 1024 characters.
 

/COMPARE

   Command Qualifier

   Causes BACKUP to compare the contents of the first parameter
   with the contents of the second parameter. The first parameter
   can be a Files-11 file, a wildcard character representing a
   group of files, a BACKUP save set, or a disk device. The second
   parameter must be a Files-11 disk file or files, or a Files-11
   disk device. Unless you also specify the /PHYSICAL qualifier, the
   disk volume must be a Files-11 volume. If a file does not compare
   successfully, BACKUP displays an error message.
 

/CONFIRM

   Input File-Selection Qualifier

   Displays prompts on your terminal for confirmation before
   processing each file. If you want the file to be processed, enter
   Y or YES and press Return.
 

/CRC

      /CRC (default)
      /NOCRC

   Input or output save-set qualifier

   As an input save-set qualifier, /CRC causes the software cyclic
   redundancy check (CRC) encoded in the save set's data blocks
   to be checked (/CRC) or ignored (/NOCRC). If you ignore the CRC
   encoding, you reduce processing time at the risk of increasing
   data error.

   As an output save-set qualifier, /CRC specifies that software
   CRC checking code is to be computed and stored in the data blocks
   of the output save set. To disable CRC checking, use the /NOCRC
   qualifier.
 

/CREATED

   Input File-Selection Qualifier

   Selects files according to the value of the creation date field
   in each file header record.

   Use this qualifier with the /BEFORE or /SINCE qualifier, either
   of which provides the system time value BACKUP uses to determine
   whether to process a file.
 

/DELETE

   Command Qualifier

   Specifies that a BACKUP save or copy operation is to delete
   the selected input files from the input volume after all files
   have been successfully processed. Sufficient user privilege is
   required to delete files. If used with the /VERIFY qualifier,
   files that fail verification are not deleted.
 

/DENSITY

      /DENSITY=N

   Output Save-Set Qualifier

   Specifies the recording density of the output magnetic tape in
   bits per inch (bits/in). Use a value that is supported by the
   magnetic tape drive.

   If you do not specify the /DENSITY qualifier, the default density
   is the current density of the magnetic tape drive. You must
   specify the output save-set qualifier /REWIND with /DENSITY.
 

/EXACT_ORDER

   Output Save-Set Qualifier

   Depending on the other qualifiers you specify on the command
   line, the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier allows you to do the following:

   o  Specify the exact order of tape volume labels that you
      want to use in a BACKUP operation. You must use the
      /LABEL=(label1,label2,...) qualifier to specify the order
      of the labels. BACKUP continues the operation as long as the
      label of the tape in the drive matches the corresponding label
      on the command line. If you do not specify enough labels on
      the command line to complete the operation, BACKUP prompts you
      to enter a label for the tape in the drive.

   o  Preserve the existing volume label on a tape. If you do not
      use the /LABEL qualifier on the command line and the tape has
      an ANSI label, BACKUP uses the existing label.

   o  Prevent previous volumes of a multivolume save operation from
      being overwritten. BACKUP keeps track of the volume labels you
      have already used in the operation. If you accidently mount
      one of the previous volumes, BACKUP displays the following
      error message:

      %BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 1 on MKB100: was not mounted because
       its label does not match the one requested
       Volume with label TAPE1 was already used in this save operation
       specify option (QUIT or NEW tape)
      BACKUP>

   Note the following restrictions when you use the /EXACT_ORDER
   output qualifier:

   o  If you use the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier, you cannot specify a
      label longer than six characters on the command line. If you
      specify a label longer than six characters, BACKUP displays
      the following error message:

      %BACKUP-F-INVQUAVAL, value 'label_name' invalid for /LABEL qualifier

   o  You cannot use the /IGNORE=LABEL_PROCESSING qualifier with the
      /EXACT_ORDER qualifier.

   o  You cannot use /REWIND as an output qualifier with the /EXACT_
      ORDER qualifier.

   o  If you use the /LABEL qualifier with the /EXACT_ORDER
      qualifier, you cannot specify duplicate labels.
 

/EXCLUDE

      /EXCLUDE=(file-spec[,...])

   Input File-Selection Qualifier

   Excludes files that otherwise meet the selection criteria for
   a save or copy operation. If you specify more than one file,
   separate the file specifications with commas and enclose the list
   in parentheses.

   Do not use a device specification when defining the files to be
   excluded. You can use most standard wildcard characters, but you
   cannot use wildcard characters denoting latest versions of files
   (;) or relative versions of files (;-n).

   If you specify directory files (files with the file type .DIR),
   your command is processed but the directory files are not
   excluded (they are processed).

   You cannot use the /EXCLUDE qualifier in image restore
   operations.
 

/EXPIRED

   Input File-Selection Qualifier

   Selects files according to the value of the expiration date field
   in each file header record.

   Use this qualifier with the /BEFORE or /SINCE qualifier, either
   of which provides the system time value BACKUP uses to determine
   whether to process a file.
 

/FAST

   Command Qualifier

   Processes an input Files-11 disk using a fast file scan. The fast
   file scan reads the index file on the Files-11 disk specified
   by the input specifier and creates a table of files that match
   the qualifiers you specified. A fast file scan is most useful
   when the input specifier includes most files on the volume and
   file-selection qualifiers (such as those that pertain to date or
   owner) specify a relatively small set of the files named.

   To perform a fast file scan, you need write access to the
   INDEXF.SYS file on the input medium or the input medium must
   be write-locked.
 

/FULL

   Command Qualifier

   Displays the information produced by the /LIST command qualifier
   in a format similar to that displayed by the DCL command
   DIRECTORY/FULL. If you do not specify /FULL, the /LIST qualifier
   displays a brief summary of the information (/BRIEF).

   You must specify the /LIST qualifier with the /FULL qualifier.
 

/GROUP_SIZE

      /GROUP_SIZE=n

   Output Save-Set Qualifier

   Defines the number of blocks BACKUP places in each redundancy
   group. The value of n must be 0 to 100.

   If you define a value of 0 for /GROUP_SIZE, no redundancy groups
   are created for the save set. /GROUP_SIZE=10 is the default
   value.
 

/IGNORE

      /IGNORE=option

   Command Qualifier

   Specifies that a BACKUP save or copy operation will override
   restrictions placed on files or will not perform tape label
   processing checks.

   The /IGNORE=option qualifier has four options:

   ACCESSIBILITY    Processes files on a tape that is protected by
                    a volume accessibility character, or on a tape
                    created by HSC Backup. The option applies only
                    to tapes. It affects the first tape mounted and
                    all subsequent tapes in the save set.
   INTERLOCK        Processes files that otherwise could not be
                    processed due to file access conflicts. Use
                    this option to save or copy files currently open
                    for writing. You must have the user privilege
                    SYSPRV, a system UIC, or ownership of the volume
                    to use this option.
   LABEL_           Saves or copies the contents of files to the
   PROCESSING       specified magnetic tape volume regardless of
                    the information contained in the volume header
                    record. BACKUP does not verify the volume label
                    or expiration date before writing information to
                    the tape volume. Note that you cannot use this
                    option with the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier.
   NOBACKUP         Saves or copies both the file header record and
                    the contents of files marked with the NOBACKUP
                    flag by the /NOBACKUP qualifier of the DCL
                    command SET FILE. If you do not specify this
                    option, BACKUP saves only the file header record
                    of files marked with the NOBACKUP flag.
 

/IMAGE

   Command Qualifier

   Directs BACKUP to process an entire volume or volume set.
   Using this qualifier produces a functionally equivalent
   copy of the original volume or volume set. To use the /IMAGE
   command qualifier, you need write access to both the index file
   (INDEXF.SYS) and the bit map file (BITMAP.SYS), or the input
   medium must be write-locked.

   In save and copy operations, you cannot use input file-selection
   qualifiers with the /IMAGE command qualifier because BACKUP saves
   or copies all files on the input disk volumes.

   In restore and copy operations, every file is restored or copied.

   The output volume must be mounted using the /FOREIGN qualifier.
   The new volume is a functionally equivalent copy of the input
   volume; however, the file placement will change.

   An image restore or copy operation initializes the output volume
   or volume set. The initialization data comes from the save-
   volume summary record of the input volume, unless the command
   qualifier /NOINITIALIZE directs BACKUP to initialize the output
   volume using volume initialization data that already exists on
   the output volume.

   A BACKUP operation to mixed tape and disk save sets, as shown in
   the following command, is unsupported:

   $ BACKUP SYS$DISK:/IMAGE dka0:FUN,MKA0:/SAVE/REW
 

/INCREMENTAL

   Command Qualifier

   Allows you to restore a disk volume from a series of incremental
   save sets. When processed correctly, the output disk volume
   will contain the same files it contained when the most recent
   incremental save operation was performed. BACKUP does not create
   files on the output disk volume that were deleted in the period
   in which the incremental backups were performed. The /INCREMENTAL
   qualifier is valid only in restore operations. You must specify a
   device as the output specifier; file specifications are invalid.
   When you specify the /INCREMENTAL qualifier, BACKUP restores
   files using the /BY_OWNER=ORIGINAL qualifier.
 

/INITIALIZE

      /INITIALIZE
      /NOINITIALIZE

   Command Qualifier

   Initializes an output disk volume, making its entire previous
   contents unavailable. This qualifier is valid only when used
   with the /IMAGE qualifier during restore or copy operations or
   when saving files to a sequential-disk save set. The default
   is /INITIALIZE for Files-11 volumes and /NOINITIALIZE for
   sequential-disk volumes.
 

/INTERCHANGE

   Command Qualifier

   Directs BACKUP to process files in a manner suitable for data
   interchange (software distribution) by excluding information that
   would prevent other utilities or sites from reading the BACKUP
   save set.

   The effects of the /INTERCHANGE qualifier are as follows:

   o  Directories not selected as files are not copied.

   o  Access control lists are not copied.

   o  Block size on magnetic tape is limited to 8192 bytes.

   o  Normal error recovery is used to write magnetic tapes so that
      no bad records exist on the resulting magnetic tape.
 

/JOURNAL

      /JOURNAL[=file-spec]

   Command Qualifier

   Specifies that a BACKUP save operation is to create, or append
   information to, a BACKUP journal file. The BACKUP journal file
   contains an on-disk record of BACKUP save operations and saved
   files.

   To list the contents of a backup journal file, enter a BACKUP
   /JOURNAL/LIST command without an input or output specifier.
 

/LABEL

      /LABEL=(string[,...])

   Output Save-Set Qualifier

   Specifies the 1- to 6-character volume labels for the magnetic
   tapes to which the save set is written. If you do not specify
   the /LABEL qualifier, BACKUP uses the first six characters of the
   save-set name as the volume label of the first tape.

   If the save set continues to another tape, and you did not
   specify a volume label for the tape, BACKUP uses the first four
   characters of the previous tape's volume label followed by the
   volume number of the tape. For example, if the first tape in a
   save set is labeled AAAABB, the second tape in a sequence is
   labeled AAAA02, and the third tape is labeled AAAA03.

   You can specify the command qualifier /IGNORE=LABEL_PROCESSING
   to prevent BACKUP from verifying the volume label of the tape.
   You can also use the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier to specify the exact
   order of tape volume labels that you want to use in a BACKUP
   operation.
 

/LIST

      /LIST[=file-spec]

   Command Qualifier

   Lists information about a BACKUP save set and about the files in
   a save set. You can display the list on your terminal or write it
   to a file.

   You can use this qualifier with any operation (save, restore,
   copy, compare, or journal). If specify /LIST by itself (not in
   conjunction with another operation), the input specifier must be
   a save set; you cannot specify an output specifier. You can use
   /LIST with either the /BRIEF or the /FULL command qualifiers. The
   default is /BRIEF.

   Do not use /LOG together with /LIST when the output for /LIST is
   directed to the terminal; you will receive confusing output.
 

/LOG

      /LOG
      /NOLOG (default)

   Command Qualifier

   Determines whether the file specification of each file processed
   is displayed on SYS$OUTPUT during the operation. The default is
   /NOLOG. Displays at your terminal the file specification of each
   file processed during the BACKUP operation (/LOG) or suppresses
   the display (/NOLOG). The default is /NOLOG.

   Do not use /LOG together with /LIST when the output for /LIST is
   directed to the terminal; you will receive confusing output.
 

/MEDIA_FORMAT

      /MEDIA_FORMAT=[NO]COMPACTION

   Output Save-Set Qualifier

   Controls whether data records are automatically compacted and
   blocked together. Data compaction and record blocking increase
   the amount of data that can be stored on a single tape cartridge.

   The compaction ratio depends on the data and the tape drive you
   use. For more information, see the documentation supplied with
   your tape drive.
 

/MODIFIED

   Input File-Selection Qualifier

   Selects files according to the value of the modified date field
   (the date the file was last modified) in each file header record.
   Use this qualifier with the /BEFORE or /SINCE qualifier, either
   of which provides the system time value BACKUP uses to determine
   whether to process a file.
 

/NEW_VERSION

   Output File Qualifier

   Creates a new version of a file if a file with an identical
   specification already exists at the location to which the file is
   being restored or copied. The new file is created with the same
   name and type and a version number one higher than the highest
   existing version.

   By default, BACKUP does not restore a file with the same file
   name, file type, and version number as a file that already exists
   in a directory. Rather, BACKUP issues an error message and does
   not restore the file. The /OVERLAY and /REPLACE qualifiers also
   override this default, but produce different results than the
   /NEW_VERSION qualifier.

   Note that when copying or restoring files using the /NEW_VERSION
   qualifier, files are processed in decreasing version number
   order and are created in ascending order. The result is that
   the version numbers are inverted.

   Because this qualifier causes version numbers to change, do
   not use the /NEW_VERSION qualifier with the /COMPARE or /VERIFY
   qualifier.
 

/OVERLAY

   Output File Qualifier

   Writes over an existing file when an identically-named file is
   encountered during the restore operation. If the identically-
   named files are not the same size, the file is extended (when the
   file being restored is larger) or retains its allocation (when
   the file being restored is smaller).

   By default, BACKUP does not restore a file with the same file
   name, file type, and version number as a file that already exists
   in a directory. Rather, BACKUP issues an error message and does
   not restore the file. The /NEW_VERSION and /REPLACE qualifiers
   also override this default, but produce different results than
   the /OVERLAY qualifier.
 

/OWNER_UIC

      /OWNER_UIC[=[uic]]


   The /OWNER_UIC qualifier has been superseded by /BY_OWNER.
   Digital recommends that you substitute /BY_OWNER for /OWNER_
   UIC in command procedures and operator instructions. See the
   description of /BY_OWNER for more information.
 

/PHYSICAL

   Command Qualifier

   Specifies that the BACKUP ignore any file structure on the volume
   and to process the volume in terms of physical blocks. If you
   write a save set with the BACKUP/PHYSICAL command, you must also
   restore it with the BACKUP/PHYSICAL command.

   For physical copy operations between disks, the output disk must
   be the same type of device as the input disk. For physical save
   operations between disks, the output disk must be the same type
   of disk as the input disk or a larger-capacity disk. For physical
   restore operations between disks, the output disk must be the
   same type of device as the disk from which the save set was
   created.

   For all physical operations, the output disk must not have a bad
   block in any location that corresponds to a good block on the
   input disk. (This restriction does not apply to RA-series disks.)
 

/PROTECTION

      /PROTECTION[=(code)]

   Output Save-Set Qualifier

   Defines the protection you want applied to a save set on a disk
   or to a magnetic tape volume. The code indicates the type of
   access (read, write, execute, and delete) available to the four
   categories of users (system, owner, group, and world).

   Protection information applies to all save sets stored on a
   tape. If you write the save set to either a Files-11 disk or a
   sequential disk without using the /PROTECTION qualifier, the
   default is the process default protection.

   To initialize a magnetic tape with the correct protection,
   specify the output save-set qualifier /REWIND with the
   /PROTECTION qualifier. If you do not specify /REWIND with
   /PROTECTION, the protection information, if any, in the volume
   header record is not changed. However, specifying /PROTECTION
   without /REWIND ensures that continuation volumes receive the
   correct protection.
 

/RECORD

   Command Qualifier

   Records the current date and time in the BACKUP date field of
   each file header record once a file is successfully saved or
   copied. If you do not specify the /RECORD qualifier, BACKUP does
   not change the BACKUP date field of each processed file. Observe
   the following restrictions:

   o  The /RECORD qualifier is valid only with Files-11 Structure
      Level 2 volumes.

   o  To use the /RECORD qualifier you must either own the file or
      have SYSPRV privileges.

   o  You cannot use the /RECORD qualifier with the /DELETE
      qualifier.

   o  You can use the /RECORD qualifier in BACKUP save or copy
      operations only.
 

/RELEASE_TAPE

   Command Qualifier

   Dismounts and unloads a tape after a BACKUP save operation writes
   a save set to the tape (and optionally verifies the saveset
   information on that tape). By using the /RELEASE_TAPE qualifier
   in conjunction with either the /DELETE or /RECORD qualifiers, you
   can make a tape drive available for other operations before the
   BACKUP command completes.

   The tape remains allocated until you enter the DEALLOCATE
   command.
 

/REPLACE

   Output File Qualifier

   Replaces a file when an identically named file is encountered
   during a restore or copy operation. BACKUP deletes the existing
   version of the file and processes the new file with the same
   version number.

   By default, BACKUP does not process a file with the same file
   name, file type, and version number as a file that already exists
   in a directory. Rather, BACKUP issues an error message and does
   not restore the file. The /NEW_VERSION and /OVERLAY qualifiers
   also override this default, but produce different results than
   the /REPLACE qualifier.
 

/REWIND

      /REWIND
      /NOREWIND (default)

   Input or Output Save-Set Qualifier

   As an input save-set qualifier, causes the input tape reel to be
   rewound (/REWIND) or not rewound (/NOREWIND) to beginning-of-tape
   (BOT) before BACKUP searches for the save-set name specified in
   the input specifier.

   As an output save-set qualifier, specifies that the output
   magnetic tape is to be rewound and initialized before the save
   operation begins (/REWIND) or that the tape is neither to be
   rewound nor initialized before the save operation begins (
   /NOREWIND). Initializing the tape removes access to any existing
   data on the tape. If you want to start processing at BOT, and the
   magnetic tape is already positioned beyond BOT, specify /REWIND.
   Otherwise, the magnetic tape begins (or resumes) processing from
   the logical end-of-tape (EOT) marker.

   Use the /[NO]REWIND qualifier for magnetic tape save sets only.
 

/SAVE_SET

   Input or Output Save-Set Qualifier

   Defines the input or output specifier as a BACKUP save set.
   Normally, BACKUP treats specifiers that refer to disk files as
   Files-11 files and specifiers that refer to tapes as BACKUP save
   sets.

   You must specify the /SAVE_SET qualifier when the input or output
   specifier is a BACKUP save set on a Files-11 disk.
 

/SELECT

      /SELECT
      /SELECT=(file-spec[,...])

   Input Save-Set Qualifier

   Selects the specified files for processing. If you specify more
   than one file, separate the file specifications with commas and
   enclose the list in parentheses.

   Do not use a device specification when you define the files to be
   selected. You can use most standard wildcard characters, but you
   cannot use wildcard characters denoting latest version of files
   (;)  and relative versions of files (;-n).

   You cannot use the /SELECT qualifier in image save operations.
 

/SINCE

      /SINCE=time

   Input File-Selection Qualifier

   Selects files dated equal to or later than the specified date
   and time. You can enter the time in either absolute time or delta
   time. Specify these time values according to the rules described
   in the OpenVMS User's Manual. You can also specify the time using
   one of the following options:

   BACKUP     The BACKUP/RECORD operation (available only on Files-
              11 Structure Level 2 volumes)
   TODAY      The current day, month, and year at 00:00:00.0 o'clock
   TOMORROW   24 hours after midnight last night
   YESTERDAY  24 hours before midnight last night
 

/TAPE_EXPIRATION

      /TAPE_EXPIRATION=dd-mmm-yyyy

   Output Save-Set Qualifier

   Writes a file expiration date other than the current date to the
   file header label of the save set.

   DIGITAL recommends that you specify an expiration date whenever
   you create a BACKUP save set on magnetic tape using /REWIND.
   Daily BACKUP tapes should expire in seven days, weekly BACKUP
   tapes should expire in one month, and monthly BACKUP tapes should
   expire in one year. Specify the date in absolute time format,
   according to the rules described the OpenVMS User's Manual. If
   you do not specify an expiration date, today's date is written to
   the volume header record when you perform a save operation using
   /REWIND.
 

/TRUNCATE

      /TRUNCATE
      /NOTRUNCATE (default)

   Command Qualifier

   Controls whether a copy or restore operation truncates a
   sequential output file at the end-of-file (EOF) when creating
   it. By default, a copy or restore operation uses the allocation
   of the input file to determine the size of the output file.
 

/UNSHELVE

      /UNSHELVE (default)
      /NOUNSHELVE

   Command Qualifier

   Controls whether the Backup utility designates files from a
   BACKUP save operation as unshelved or shelved.
 
   The /UNSHELVE qualifier specifies that the Backup utility designate 
   files from a BACKUP save operation as unshelved, which means the data 
   is available in an online state. A shelved file contains no actual file 
   data. However, the file header remains intact and online. The default 
   behavior is unshelved except during BACKUP save operations that require 
   the /PHYSICAL or /IMAGE  qualifier. For those operations, the files remain 
   in their original file shelving state.

   For more information about file shelving, refer to the POLYCENTER File
   Shelving Facility (HSM) documentation.


/VERIFY

   Command Qualifier

   Specifies that the contents of the output specifier be compared
   with the contents of the input specifier after a save, restore,
   or copy operation is completed. If a file does not compare
   successfully, BACKUP displays an error message.
 

/VOLUME

      /VOLUME=n

   Command Qualifier

   Indicates that a specific disk volume in a disk volume set is to
   be processed. The /VOLUME qualifier is valid only when used with
   the /IMAGE qualifier. Using this qualifier allows you to perform
   BACKUP operations on a disk volume set when you have only one
   disk drive with which to perform BACKUP operations.
 

2  Examples

   1.$ BACKUP
     _From: DBA1:[000000...]
     _To: MTA0:13NOVBAK.BCK,MTA1:/LABEL=(DLY101,DLY102)

     This BACKUP command saves the entire contents of the disk
     DBA1 onto a multivolume tape save set. This command does not
     initialize the first tape in the save set, but does initialize
     subsequent tapes. The first tape in the save set must be
     labeled DLY101 and the second tape in the save set must be
     labeled DLY102.

   2.$ BACKUP [PLI.WORK]/SINCE=YESTERDAY/MODIFIED [PLI.SAV]

     This BACKUP command copies selected files in the directory
     [PLI.WORK] to the directory [PLI.SAV]. BACKUP processes only
     those files that have been modified since 24 hours preceding
     midnight last night. Note that the /MODIFIED qualifier is
     not required, as its action is the default when the /SINCE
     qualifier is specified.

   3.$ BACKUP DBA2:[PLI.WORK]*.*;  DBA3:[SAVE]23MAR82.BCK/SAVE_SET

     This BACKUP command saves the highest version of each file in
     directory [PLI.WORK] to a disk save set on DBA3. The /SAVE_
     SET qualifier is required because the output save set is on a
     Files-11 disk.

   4.$ BACKUP/PHYSICAL DYA0:  DYA1:

     This BACKUP command copies the entire RX02 floppy disk mounted
     on device DYA0 to the RX02 floppy disk mounted on device DYA1.
     Both devices must have been mounted with the DCL command MOUNT
     /FOREIGN.

   5.$ BACKUP
     _From: DB1:[SCHED]*.*
     _To: DENVER::DBA2:[SAVE]SCH.BCK/SAVE_SET

     This BACKUP command saves all files in the directory SCHED
     on disk DB1 at the local node to the network save set SCH.BCK
     at remote node DENVER. The /SAVE_SET qualifier is required to
     identify the output specifier as a save set on a Files-11 disk.

   6.$ BACKUP/LIST DENVER::DBA2:[SAVE]SCH.BCK/SAVE_SET

     This BACKUP command lists the BACKUP summary information,
     the original BACKUP command used, and the file name, size,
     and creation date for each file in the save set created in
     the previous example. The /SAVE_SET qualifier is required
     to identify the input specifier as a save set on a Files-11
     device.

   7.$ BACKUP MTA0:NOV2SAVE.BCK/REWIND/SELECT=[USER...] [USER...]

     This command restores files from the magnetic tape save set
     named NOV2SAVE.BCK to the directory tree from which they
     were saved (the [USER] directory tree). The /REWIND qualifier
     directs BACKUP to rewind the tape to the beginning-of-tape
     before beginning the restore operation.

   8.$ BACKUP WORK$:[TESTFILES...]*.*;*  MUA0:TEST.SAV  -
     _$ /MEDIA_FORMAT=COMPACTION /REWIND

     This command saves all files in the directory [TESTFILES] and
     its subdirectories to a save set named TEST.SAV using a TA90E
     tape drive. The /MEDIA_FORMAT=COMPACTION qualifier specifies
     that the tape drive automatically compacts and blocks together
     data records on the tape.

   9.$ BACKUP/IMAGE/RECORD/VERIFY/NOASSIST
     _From: DKA100:
     _To: MKB100:MAR11.SAV/LABEL=(TAPE1,TAPE2,TAPE3)/EXACT_ORDER

     This example uses the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier to specify the
     exact order of labels for the BACKUP operation. Note that
     if you specify the /ASSIST qualifier, BACKUP would display
     messages on the operator terminal. BACKUP does the following:

     a. Compares the volume label of the tape in MKB100: with
        the first label that you specified on the command line
        (TAPE1). If the labels match exactly, BACKUP begins the
        save operation. If the labels do not match or if the tape
        does not have an ANSI label, BACKUP displays the following
        message:

          %BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 1 on MKB100: was not mounted because
           its label does not match the one requested
          %BACKUP-W-EXLABEER, volume label processing failed because
           volume TAPE4 is out of order, Volume label TAPE1 was expected
           specify option (QUIT, NEW tape, OVERWRITE tape, USE loaded tape)
          BACKUP> OVERWRITE

        Depending on the option you specify, you can quit the backup
        operation (QUIT), dismount the old tape and mount a new
        one (NEW), overwrite the label and the data on the tape
        (OVERWRITE), or write the data to the tape using the loaded
        tape's label (USE).

     b. When the operation fills the first tape, it displays the
        following message:

          %BACKUP-I-RESUME, resuming operation on volume 2
          %BACKUP-I-READYWRITE, mount volume TAPE2 on MKB100: for writing
          Respond with YES when ready:

     c. When you load the second tape and enter YES, BACKUP compares
        the label of the second tape with the second label you
        specified on the command line (TAPE2) just as it did in
        step 1a.

     d. Assuming the volume labels match, BACKUP continues
        processing until it completes the operation or runs out
        of volume labels. If you do not specify enough labels on the
        command line to complete the operation, BACKUP prompts you
        to enter a label for the tape in the drive as follows:

          %BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 4 on MKB100: was not mounted because
           the label was not specified
           specify EXACT_ORDER label (up to 6 characters)
          BACKUP>

        BACKUP then compares the label on the tape with label you
        specify as described previously.

   10$ BACKUP/IMAGE/RECORD/VERIFY/NOASSIST
     _From: DKA100:[TEST]
     _To: MKB100:MAR11.SAV/EXACT_ORDER

     Because this example does not use the /LABEL qualifier, BACKUP
     uses the existing label on the tape. If the tape does not
     have an ANSI label, and it is the first tape in the operation,
     BACKUP displays the following error message:

       %BACKUP-F-NOTANSI, tape is not valid ANSI format

     If the tape does not have an ANSI label, and is not the first
     tape in the operation, BACKUP displays the following error
     message prompting you to specify a label:

       %BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 2 on MKB100: was not mounted because
        the label was not specified
        specify EXACT_ORDER label (up to 6 characters)
       BACKUP>

                                  NOTE

      BACKUP checks to make sure you specify a valid label.
      If the label is not valid (for example, longer than six
      characters), BACKUP displays an error message. In previous
      versions of the OpenVMS operating system, BACKUP truncated
      long volume labels.
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