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1  SEARCH
   Searches one or more files for the specified strings and displays
   the lines containing those strings.

   Format

     SEARCH  filespec[,...] search-string[,...]
 

2  Parameters
 

filespec[,...]

   Specifies one or more files to be searched. You must specify
   at least one file name. If you specify more than one file name,
   separate the file specifications with commas (,).

   You can use the asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard
   characters in the file specification.
 

search-string[,...]

   Specifies the character string to be located in the specified
   files. Enclose strings containing lowercase letters, blanks, or
   other nonalphanumeric characters (including spaces) in quotation
   marks (" ").

   You can use the /MATCH and /EXACT qualifiers to alter the way
   that SEARCH matches search strings.
 

2  Qualifiers
 

/BACKUP

   Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the
   /SINCE qualifier. The /BACKUP qualifier selects files according
   to the dates of their most recent backups. This qualifier
   is incompatible with the /CREATED, /EXPIRED, and /MODIFIED
   qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according
   to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time
   qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
 

/BEFORE

      /BEFORE[=time]

   Selects only those files dated prior to the specified time. You
   can specify time as absolute time, as a combination of absolute
   and delta times, or as one of the following keywords: BOOT,
   LOGIN, TODAY (default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify one of
   the following qualifiers with the /BEFORE qualifier to indicate
   the time attribute to be used as the basis for selection:
   /BACKUP, /CREATED (default), /EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.

   For complete information on specifying time values, see the
   OpenVMS User's Manual or the topic SPECIFY Date_Time in online
   help.
 

/BY_OWNER

      /BY_OWNER[=uic]

   Selects only those files whose owner user identification code
   (UIC) matches the specified owner UIC. The default UIC is that of
   the current process.

   Specify the UIC by using standard UIC format as described in the
   OpenVMS User's Manual.
 

/CONFIRM

      /CONFIRM
      /NOCONFIRM (default)

   Controls whether a request is issued before each search operation
   to confirm that the operation should be performed on that file.
   The following responses are valid:

   YES      NO       QUIT
   TRUE     FALSE    Ctrl/Z
   1        0        ALL
            <Return>

   You can use any combination of uppercase and lowercase letters
   for word responses. Word responses can be abbreviated to one or
   more letters (for example, T, TR, or TRU for TRUE), but these
   abbreviations must be unique. Affirmative answers are YES, TRUE,
   and 1. Negative answers include: NO, FALSE, 0, and pressing
   the Return key. Entering QUIT or pressing Ctrl/Z indicates that
   you want to stop processing the command at that point. When you
   respond by entering ALL, the command continues to process, but no
   further prompts are given. If you type a response other than one
   of those in the list, DCL issues an error message and redisplays
   the prompt.
 

/CREATED

      /CREATED (default)

   Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
   qualifier. The /CREATED qualifier selects files based on their
   dates of creation. This qualifier is incompatible with the
   /BACKUP, /EXPIRED, and /MODIFIED qualifiers, which also allow
   you to select files according to time attributes. If you specify
   none of these four time qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED
   qualifier.
 

/EXACT

      /EXACT
      /NOEXACT (default)

   Controls whether the SEARCH command matches the search string
   exactly or treats uppercase and lowercase letters as equivalents.
   By default, SEARCH ignores case differences in letters.

   Specifying the /EXACT qualifier causes the system to use less CPU
   time. Therefore, if you are sure of the case of the letters in
   the string, it is more efficient to use the /EXACT qualifier.
 

/EXCLUDE

      /EXCLUDE=(filespec[,...])

   Excludes the specified files from the search operation. You can
   include a directory but not a device in the file specification.
   The asterisk (*)  and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters
   are allowed in the file specification. However, you cannot use
   relative version numbers to exclude a specific version. If you
   specify only one file, you can omit the parentheses.
 

/EXPIRED

   Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the
   /SINCE qualifier. The /EXPIRED qualifier selects files according
   to their expiration dates. (The expiration date is set with
   the SET FILE/EXPIRATION_DATE command.) The /EXPIRED qualifier
   is incompatible with the /BACKUP, /CREATED, and /MODIFIED
   qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according
   to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time
   qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
 

/FORMAT

      /FORMAT=option

   Formats output in one of the following five ways:

   DUMP     Displays all control characters (including <HT>, <CR>,
            and <LF>) and nonprintable characters as ANSI mnemonics.

   NOFF     Replaces control characters in text with ANSI mnemonics
            (for example, Ctrl/C is replaced with <ETX>). The
            terminal formatting characters <HT>, <CR>, <LF>, <VT>
            are passed without change. Form feed characters are
            replaced with <FF>.

   NONULLS  Same as DUMP, but removes all null characters from the
            input file before reformatting. (In dump mode, the null
            character is displayed as <NUL>.) NONULLS is convenient
            when you are searching binary format files, such as EXE
            or OBJ files, that generally contain many zero bytes.

   PASSALL  Moves control and nonprintable characters to the output
            device without translating them. The terminal driver
            cannot send 8-bit characters to the terminal unless SET
            TERMINAL/EIGHT_BIT is already in effect.

            You can use /FORMAT=PASSALL whenever you do not want
            the SEARCH command to substitute the ANSI mnemonic for
            control characters (for example, <BEL> for Ctrl/G).

   TEXT     Replaces control characters in text with ANSI mnemonics
            (for example, Ctrl/C is replaced with <ETX>). The
            terminal formatting characters <HT>, <CR>, <LF>, <VT>,
            and <FF> are passed without change. TEXT is the default
            format.
 

/HEADING

      /HEADING (default)
      /NOHEADING

   Includes file names in the output file and displays a line of
   30 asterisks(*)  as a window separator between groups of lines
   that belong to different files. With the default heading format,
   file names are printed only when more than one file is specified
   or when the asterisk (*)  and the percent sign (%) wildcard
   characters are used.

   The /WINDOW qualifier displays a line of 15 asterisks to separate
   each window within a file.
 

/HIGHLIGHT

      /HIGHLIGHT[=keyword]
      /NOHIGHLIGHT (default)

   You can use one of the following keywords: BOLD, BLINK,
   REVERSE, and UNDERLINE. BOLD is the default highlighting on
   ANSI video terminals with advanced video; REVERSE is the default
   highlighting on ANSI video terminals without advanced video.

   For hardcopy printing, you can use the HARDCOPY=OVERSTRIKE and
   HARDCOPY=UNDERLINE keywords. This specifies that the strings
   should be highlighted in a manner suitable for most hardcopy
   printers. With overstrike highlighting, matched strings are
   double-printed, so that they appear darker. The matched strings
   are underlined with the underscore character.

   Hardcopy printing is accomplished by adding a carriage return and
   spacing back over the line to overprint the string or underlines.
   Note that this can as much as double the length of the line,
   and perhaps lead to truncation if the device buffer size is too
   small.

   Digital recommends that you use the /HIGHLIGHT=UNDERLINE
   qualifier with the Digital LN01 printer rather than using the
   /HIGHLIGHT=HARDCOPY=UNDERLINE qualifier. The LN01 printer ignores
   OVERSTRIKE highlighting.

   Digital recommends that you use either the /HIGHLIGHT=BOLD or
   the /HIGHLIGHT=UNDERLINE qualifier with the Digital LN03 printer
   rather than using the /HIGHLIGHT=HARDCOPY=UNDERLINE qualifier.
   The LN03 printer ignores OVERSTRIKE highlighting.
 

/KEY

      /KEY=(POSITION=n,SIZE=m)

   Searches the records of a file (beginning at the specified
   position) for the length of the specified size.

   You can specify the POSITION keyword value as 1 to 32,767. The
   first byte in a record is considered position 1.
 

/LOG

      /LOG
      /NOLOG (default)

   Outputs a message to the current SYS$OUTPUT device for each
   file searched. The message includes the file name, the number
   of records, and the number of matches for each file searched.
 

/MATCH

      /MATCH=option

   Interprets and matches multiple search strings in one of the
   following ways:

   AND    A match occurs only if the record contains all the
          strings.

   EQV    A match occurs if none or all of the search strings are in
          the record.

   NOR    A match occurs only if the record contains none of the
          strings.

   NAND   A match occurs only if the record does not contain all of
          the strings.

   OR     A match occurs if the record contains any of the strings.

   XOR    A match occurs if any of the search strings are in the
          record but not if all or none of them are in the record.

   When only one search string is specified, the OR and AND options
   produce identical results. Similarly, NOR and NAND produce
   identical results for a single search string. If you specify
   none of these options, the default is /MATCH=OR.
 

/MODIFIED

   Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
   qualifier. The /MODIFIED qualifier selects files according to
   the dates on which they were last modified. This qualifier
   is incompatible with the /BACKUP, /CREATED, and /EXPIRED
   qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according
   to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time
   modifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
 

/NUMBERS

      /NUMBERS
      /NONUMBERS (default)

   Controls whether the source line number is displayed at the left
   margin of each line in the output.
 

/OUTPUT

      /OUTPUT[=filespec]
      /NOOUTPUT

   Controls whether the results of the search are output to a
   specified file. The output is sent to the current default output
   device (SYS$OUTPUT) if you omit the /OUTPUT qualifier or omit the
   file specification with the qualifier. The /NOOUTPUT qualifier
   means that no matching records are output as a result of the
   SEARCH command.
 

/PAGE

      /PAGE[=keyword]
      /NOPAGE (default)

   Controls the display of information on the screen.

   You can use the following keywords with the /PAGE qualifier:

   CLEAR_SCREEN   Displays information one page at a time.

   SCROLL         Displays information on a continuous stream.

   SAVE[=n]       Enables screen navigation of information, where n
                  is the number of pages to store.

   The /PAGE=SAVE qualifier allows you to navigate through screens
   of information. The /PAGE=SAVE qualifier stores up to 5 screens
   of up to 255 columns of information. When you use the /PAGE=SAVE
   qualifier, you can use the following keys to navigate through the
   information:

   Key Sequence              Description

   Up arrow (^  ), Ctrl/B    Scroll up one line.
   Down arrow (v  )          Scroll down one line.
   Left arrow (< - )         Scroll left one column.
   Right arrow (- > )        Scroll right one column.
   Insert Here (E2)          Scroll right one half screen.
   Remove (E3)               Scroll left one half screen.
   Select (E4)               Toggle 80/132 column mode.
   Prev Screen (E5)          Get the previous page of information.
   Next Screen (E6),         Get the next page of information.
   Return, Enter, Space
   F10, Ctrl/Z               Exit. (Some utilities define these
                             differently.)
   Help (F15)                Display utility help text.
   Do (F16)                  Toggle the display to oldest/newest
                             page.
   Ctrl/W                    Refresh the display.

   The /PAGE qualifier is not compatible with the /OUTPUT qualifier.
 

/REMAINING

      /REMAINING
      /NOREMAINING (default)

   Includes in the output all records from the first matched record
   to the end of the file. This qualifier overrides the value n2 in
   the /WINDOW qualifier, but allows the qualifier /WINDOW=n1.
 

/SINCE

      /SINCE[=time]

   Selects only those files dated after the specified time. You can
   specify time as absolute time, as a combination of absolute and
   delta times, or as one of the following keywords: BOOT, LOGIN,
   TODAY (default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify one of the
   following qualifiers with the /SINCE qualifier to indicate the
   time attribute to be used as the basis for selection: /BACKUP,
   /CREATED (default), /EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.

   For complete information on specifying time values, see the
   OpenVMS User's Manual or the topic SPECIFY Date_Time in online
   help.
 

/STATISTICS

      /STATISTICS
      /NOSTATISTICS (default)

   Controls whether the following statistics about the search are
   displayed:

   o  Number of files searched

   o  Number of records searched

   o  Number of characters searched

   o  Number of records matched

   o  Number of lines printed

   o  Buffered I/O count

   o  Direct I/O count

   o  Number of page faults

   o  Elapsed CPU time

   o  Elapsed time
 

/WARNINGS

      /WARNINGS (default)
      /NOWARNINGS

   Allows or disallows the following messages to be displayed when
   search operations are performed:

      NOMATCHES
      TRUNCATE
      NULLFILE
 

/WINDOW

      /WINDOW[=(n1,n2)]
      /NOWINDOW (default)

   Specifies the number of lines to be displayed with the search
   string.

   If you specify n1 and n2, the /WINDOW qualifier displays n1 lines
   above the search string, the search string, and n2 lines below
   the search string. Either of these numbers can be zero.

   If you specify the /WINDOW qualifier without the values n1 and
   n2, two lines above the search string, the search string, and the
   two lines below the search string are included in the output.

   If you specify the /WINDOW qualifier with a single number (n1),
   n1 specifies the number of lines to display including the search
   string. Half the lines precede the matched search string and
   half follow it. (If n1 is even, one line is added to the lines
   following the matched search string.)

   For example, if you specify /WINDOW=10, nine additional lines
   are listed along with the line containing the search string. Four
   lines are listed above the line containing the search string and
   five lines are listed below it, for a total of 10 lines.

   If you specify /WINDOW=0, the file name of each file containing
   a match (but no records) is included in the output. This
   specification creates a file (using the /OUTPUT qualifier) that
   can be inserted into a command file to manipulate the files
   containing matches.

   If you omit the /WINDOW qualifier, only the line containing a
   match is displayed.

   The /WINDOW qualifier displays a line of 30 asterisks to separate
   each window within a file.
 

/WRAP

      /WRAP
      /NOWRAP (default)

   Use with the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier to limit the number of columns
   to the width of the screen and to wrap lines that extend beyond
   the width of the screen to the next line.

   The /NOWRAP qualifier extends lines beyond the width of the
   screen and can be seen when you use the scrolling (left and
   right) features provided by the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier.
 

2  Examples

   1.$ SEARCH CABLE.MEM,JOYNER.MEM "MANUAL TITLE"

     This command searches the files CABLE.MEM and JOYNER.MEM for
     occurrences of the character string MANUAL TITLE. Each line
     containing the string is displayed at the terminal. It is
     necessary to enclose the string in quotation marks because
     it contains a space character.

   2.$ SEARCH/OUTPUT=RESULTS.DAT/WINDOW=9 DISLIST.MEM NAME

     The SEARCH command searches the file DISLIST.MEM for
     occurrences of the character string NAME and sends the output
     to the file RESULTS.DAT. The four lines preceding and following
     each occurrence of NAME are included in the output.

   3.$ SEARCH/OUTPUT=ALLSUB.COM/WINDOW=5000 *.COM SUBMIT

     The SEARCH command searches all command files in the current
     directory for the string SUBMIT. If a match is found, SEARCH
     effectively copies the entire command file to the output file,
     because the window is so large.

   4.$ SEARCH/OUTPUT=COLUMBUS.OH/WINDOW=(3,0)/NOHEAD/MATCH=AND -
     _$ *.DAT COLUMBUS,OH

     The SEARCH command searches all files of type DAT for lines
     containing both COLUMBUS and OH. When a match is found, the
     three previous lines (containing blank line, name, and street
     address) are copied to the new file. The new file COLUMBUS.OH
     is ready to use, because it does not contain headings and
     window separators.

   5.$ SEARCH/OUTPUT=SWAP.LIS/FORMAT=PASSALL/NUMBERS/EXACT -
     _$ /WINDOW=10000 SWAP.PAS SWAP

     This SEARCH command produces a listing file with the line
     numbers at the left margin. The /FORMAT=PASSALL qualifier is
     specified so that form-feed characters in the source are passed
     through. The /EXACT qualifier is specified for efficiency
     (because it is known that the name SWAP in the program
     statement is always in uppercase). The /WINDOW qualifier is
     entered so that the entire file is copied to the output file
     SWAP.LIS.

   6.$ SEARCH/REMAINING CABLE.LOG FORTRAN

     The SEARCH command displays all the lines in the CABLE.LOG file
     that follow the first occurrence of the string FORTRAN.

   7.$ SEARCH OMAHA::DISK1:[EXP]SUB.DAT,DATA.LIS VAX

     The SEARCH command searches through the files SUB.DAT and
     DATA.LIS at remote node OMAHA for all occurrences of the string
     VAX. The list of all records containing the string VAX is
     displayed at the local terminal.
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